What is bricks | types of bricks

What is brick

          A brick is building material used to make walls. Pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally term brick referred to a unite composed of clay, but it is now used to denote rectangular units of clay - bearing soil, sand, lime and concrete materials. 

Types of bricks 

        (i) burnt clay brick 

       (ii) fly ash brick 

      (iii) concrete brick 

(i) What is burnt clay brick

           Burnt clay bricks are the classic form of brick created by pressing wet clay into molds, then drying and firing then in kilns. This is a very old building materials. Type of brick found in many of the ancient structures of the world. 

(ii) What is fly ash brick 

           Fly ash brick is a building materials specifically masonry units containing class fly ash and water compressed at 28 mpa (272 atm) and cured for 24 hours in 66• c steam bath then toughened with an air entrainment agent.

(iii) What is concrete brick 

              Concrete brick is a mixture of cement and aggregate, sand and cement formed in molds and cured. Certain mineral colours are added to produce a concrete brick resembling clay.

Note: watch above information explain in video link below.                       

https://youtu.be/qrZ612_NB-w

                         

How to calculate building loads

Example:                                                                      

Column size = 300mm×450mm

Beam size = 250mm×450mm

Wall thickness = 200mm

Slab thickness = 150mm

(i) column load calculation 

Column height =3.1m

Column volume = 0.3×0.45×3.1                     

                   = 0.418 meter cube 

            = 0.418×2400 kg

   = 1003.2 kg

(Unit weight of concrete = 2400 kg/meter                                 cube )

1% steel provided of column total volume 

                             =(1/100)×0.418×7850 kg

 =32.8 kg

(unit weight of steel = 7850 kg/meter cube)

Total weight of one column = 1003.2+32.8 kg

  = 1036 kg

   = 10.36 kn

(ii) beam weight calculation 

Volume = 0.25×45×1         

                     =0.1125 meter cube 

                = 0.1125×2400 kg 

            = 270 kg/meter 

2%  steel provided of beam total volume 

                              = (2÷100)×0.1125×7850 kg

 = 17.66 kg

Total weight of beam = 270+17.7 kg                

      = 287.7 kg/m

   =2.87 kn/m

Total beam length = (12.4×3)+(7.5×4) m           = 67.2 m   

(iii) brick wall weight calculation 

Volume  = 0.2×1×3.1              

               = 0.62 meter cube 

        = 0.62×2000 kg

   = 1240 kg/m

= 12.4 kn  

(Unit weight of bricks 1600 to 2000 kg/m cube)

Total length of wall = (12.4×2)+(7.5×3)+                             (6×3)+8+3.1

        = 76.4 m

 

(iv) slab weight calculation 

            Volume = 0.15×1×1 m cube 

                  = 0.15 m cube 

                                  = 0.15×2400 kg/m square 

                    = 360 kg/m squar 

0.8% steel provided of slab total volume 

                                 = (0.8÷100)×0.15×7850 kg

                       = 9.42 kg/m square 

Total slab weight = 360+9.42 kg                    

                         = 369.2 kg/m square 

                        = 3.69 kN/m square 

For floor finish = 1 kN/m square          

For live load = 2 kN/m square     

Total slab weight = 3.69+1+2                        

                         = 6.69 kN/m square 

                    = 7 kN/m square 

According to IS-456 2000

Safety of factor = 1.5                    

Total building load = 1875.8 kn               

                     Fos = 1875.8×1.5 kn

                             = 2813.7 kn ans.

 

How to become a good civil engineer

According to the civil engineering skills based knowledge can judge a good civil engineer or not. Similarly the below steps you can analyse yourself that you are a good civil engineer or not. If you follow the given steps you will become a good civil engineer.

Step:1

           Fresh civil engineers should know               how to select proper site for                           building construction.

Step:2

          Fresh civil engineers should know               how to measure plot area and built             up area.

Step:3

           Fresh civil engineers should know               to mark column position. 

Step:4

           Fresh civil engineers should know               how to find out the foundation                      depth and width. 

Step:5

           Fresh civil engineers should know               how to proper excavation of                          footing and pcc thickness. 

Step:6

           Fresh civil engineers should know               the reinforcement details of                           footing and size of footing during                 casting.

Step:7

          Fresh civil engineers should know,              how to find size  of column. 

Step:8

           Fresh civil engineers should know               how  to find size of beam or how to              find depth and breadth of beam.

Step:9

           Fresh civil engineers should know.              how to settlement proper strength              of slab reinforcement details. 

Step:10

            Fresh civil engineers should know               above all steps as well as proper                   construction rule.

For more information about the above mentioned watch video link below. 

https://youtu.be/Rv6T8n5sQh0

What is residential buildings

What is residential buildings. 

         Residential building is defined as the building which provides more than half of its floor area for dwelling purposes. In other words residential building provides sleeping,  accommodation with or without cooking, dining or both facilities. 

Types of residential buildings. 

          (i) single- family home or private                      dwelling 

         (ii) lodging or rooming house 

        (iii) dormitories building 

         (iv) apartments building 

          (v) hotels building 


(i) what is single- family home or private       dwelling .
                 Single houses or private dwellings
are generally owned by members of a single family only. If more than once family residing in that building then it is called as multiple family private dwelling.

(ii) what  is lodging or rooming house 
          Lodging or rooming house are multiple or group of buildings which come under one management. In this case accommodation is provided for separately for different individuals on temporary or permanent basis.

(iii) what is dormitories residential                   building.
                     Dormitories residential building
are another type of residential buildings, in which sleeping accommodation is provided together for different individuals. School, hostel, military barracks etc comes under the dormitories residential building.

(iv) what is apartments. 
             Apartments or flats are large buildings which consists separate dwellings for different families. Apartments are will residues minimum three or more families living independently of each other.

(v) what is hotels
           Hotels are just like lodging houses and also managed by single management but they provide accommodation primarily on temporary basis. Inn, motels etc comes under the hotels category.

For more information about the articles visit website link below.
https://youtu.be/DXk-dn0uXl4

Requirement of cement, sand and aggregate for one cube (150mm×150mm×150mm) concrete volume

Requirement of cement, sand and aggregate for 1 cumec concrete volume ratio
         According to is-456 2000 dry concrete volume is equal to 1.54 to 1.57 wet concrete volume.

For 1 cumec volume=(1m×1m×1m)

Dry volume = 1 meter cube

Wet volume = 1×1.54 meter cube
                        = 1.54 meter cube

Example: requirement of cement, sand and aggregate for 1 meter cube volume in M20 grade concrete mix ratio 1:1.5:3
Ans: 
          Volume of 1 meter cube =1.54 meter                                                               cube

Volume of cement= 1.54/5.5 meter cube
                                  = 0.28 meter cube
               In kg          = 0.28×1440 kg
                                  = 403.2 kg

Volume of sand      = 0.28×1.5 meter cube
                                  = 0.42 meter cube
                   In cft      = 0.42× 35.315 cft
                                  = 14.832 cft

Volume of aggregate 
                                  = 0.28×3 meter cube
                                  = 0.84 meter cube
                  In cft      =  0.84×35.315 cft
                                  = 29.664 cft





Requirement of cement, sand and aggregate for for one cube (150mm×150mm× 150mm) concrete volume 
      According to the IS-456 2000 volume of dry concrete equal to 1.54 to 1.57 wet volume of concrete.
For one cube (150mm×150mm×150mm)

Dry volume = 0.003375 meter cube                               

Wet volume = 0.003375×1.54 meter cube
                        = 0.005197 meter cube

Q. Requirement cement, sand and aggregate for one cube (150mm×150mm×150mm) in M20 grade mix ratio 1:1.5:3

Ans. Volume of cube = 0.003375 meter cube

Cement = 0.005197/5.5
                = 0.0009449 meter cube
In kg       = 0.0009449×1440 kg
                = 1.36 kg

Sand      = cement volume ×1.5 meter cube
                = 0.0009449×1.5 meter cube
                = 0.001417 meter cube
In cubic feet (cft)
      Cft     = 0.001417×35.315 cft
                = 0.05 cft

Aggregate in cft
                = volume of cement ×3 meter cube
                = 0.0009449×3 meter cube
                = 0.002834 meter cube,
  Cft         = 0.002834×35.315 cft
                = 0.1 cft

Note: meter cube = cubic meter, cft( cubic              feet), 1 cubic meter = 35.315 cubic feet.