What is foundation | types of foundation

What is foundation?

        Foundation is the lowest portion of a              structure which transmits the load into

        the supporting soil. The main purpose 

        of the foundation is to distribute the 

       total weight of the structure or building 

        over a large area of soil.

              

Types of foundation?                         

         Foundation classified into two                         categories.

         

         (i) Shallow foundation   D<B

         (i) Deep foundation        D>B

What is shallow foundation?

        A foundation that transfers building               loads to the earth very near to the                   surface.

                        

Types of shallow foundation?    

                           

           (i) strip footing or wall footing 

           (ii) spread or isolation footing 

           (iii) combined footing 

           (iv) cantilever or strap footing 

            (v) mat or raft foundation 

What is strip footing or wall footing?

         Strip footing are commonly used as                 foundations of load bearing walls. The 

         footing usually twice the width as the 

         load bearing wall. 

                                        

        

What is spread or isolated footing?

         Commonly  used for shallow                             foundations in order  to carry  and                 spread concentrated loads for                           example by column or pillar.

                                

what is combined footing?

         Whenever two or more columns in a 

         straight line are carried on a single 

         spread footing, it is called combined               footing.

                             

What is cantilever or strap footing?

          It is a types of combined footing,                      consisting of two or more column 

          footings connected by a concrete                    beam.

                                

  

Mat or raft foundation?

       It is a continuous thick concrete slab on

       the soil that extends the entire                         footprint of  the building  and increases         the soil bearing capacity power. 

                                 

What is deep foundation?

          Deep foundation is a type of                              foundation in which the foundation is            placed at a deeper depth below the 

          ground level.

                                  

Types  of deep foundation?
       
            (i) pile foundation

           (ii) pier foundation

          (iii) caisson foundation   

What  is pile foundation?
          Pile foundation is a type of foundation
          where a slinder member of wood or              concrete or steel is inserted into the                ground for transferring the load of a
          structure. Pile foundation can be                    lateral forces.
                                   

What is pier foundation?
          A pier foundation is a collection of                  large diameter cylindrical columns to
          supports the superstructure and                      transfer large super imposed load to
          the firm strata below. It is also called
          post foundation.
                                     

 

What  is caisson foundation?
          Caisson  is  a watertight structure                    made at wood, steel or reinforced                    concrete which excavates for the
          foundation of bridges, piers etc.
               

         

                           

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